Tiyi wakuda, wodziwika ndi kukoma kwake kokoma komanso kolimba, ndi chakumwa chodziwika bwino chomwe anthu ambiri amasangalala nacho padziko lonse lapansi. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zosangalatsa za tiyi wakuda ndi mtundu wake wofiira womwe umakhalapo akamapangidwa. Nkhaniyi ikufuna kufufuza zifukwa zasayansi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tiyi wakuda ukhale wofiira, ndikuwunikira njira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti izi zichitike.
Utoto wofiira wa tiyi wakuda ukhoza kufotokozedwa ndi kukhalapo kwa mankhwala enaake omwe amasinthidwa ndi mankhwala panthawi yopanga tiyi. Mankhwala akuluakulu omwe amachititsa mtundu wofiira ndi thearubigins ndi theaflavins, omwe amapangidwa kudzera mu okosijeni wa ma polyphenols a tiyi panthawi ya kuwiritsa kapena kuwiritsa komwe tiyi wakuda amadutsa.
Pakupanga tiyi wakuda, masamba a tiyi amachitidwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kufota, kugubuduzika, kusungunuka, ndi kuumitsa. Ndi panthawi ya kusungunuka komwe ma polyphenols a tiyi, makamaka ma catechins, amasungunuka ndi enzyme, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma thearubigins nditheaflavinsMankhwalawa ndi omwe amachititsa kuti tiyi wakuda akhale wofiira kwambiri komanso kukoma kwake.
ThearubiginsMakamaka, ndi mankhwala akuluakulu a polyphenolic omwe ali ndi mtundu wofiira-bulauni. Amapangidwa kudzera mu polymerization ya catechins ndi flavonoids zina zomwe zimapezeka mu masamba a tiyi. Komabe, ma theaflavins ndi mankhwala ang'onoang'ono a polyphenolic omwe amathandiziranso kufiira kwa tiyi wakuda.
Utoto wofiira wa tiyi wakuda umawonjezeka kwambiri chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa anthocyanins, zomwe ndi utoto wosungunuka m'madzi womwe umapezeka m'mitundu ina ya tiyi. Utoto uwu ukhoza kupangitsa tiyi wophikidwa kukhala wofiira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtundu wake wonse ukhale wowala.
Kuwonjezera pa kusintha kwa mankhwala komwe kumachitika panthawi yokonza tiyi, zinthu monga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera za tiyi, momwe zimakulira, ndi njira zopangira tiyi zingakhudzenso mtundu wofiira wa tiyi wakuda. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa okosijeni, nthawi yophika, ndi kutentha komwe masamba a tiyi amakonzedwa, zonsezi zingakhudze mtundu womaliza wa tiyi wophikidwa.
Pomaliza, mtundu wofiira wa tiyi wakuda ndi chifukwa cha kuyanjana kovuta kwa mankhwala ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tiyi. Thearubigins, theaflavins, ndi anthocyanins ndi omwe amathandizira kwambiri pakupanga tiyi wakuda, chifukwa amapangidwa komanso kuyanjana kwawo panthawi yokonza tiyi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtundu ndi kukoma kwa chakumwa ichi chikhale chodziwika bwino.
Maumboni:
Gramza-Michałowska A. Kulowetsedwa kwa Tiyi: Ntchito Yawo Yoletsa Kutupa ndi Mbiri ya Phenolic. Zakudya. 2020;9(4): 507.
Jilani T, Iqbal M, Nadeem M, ndi ena. Kukonza tiyi wakuda ndi ubwino wa tiyi wakuda. J Food Sci Technol. 2018;55(11): 4109-4118.
Jumtee K, Komura H, Bamba T, Fukusaki E. Kufotokozera za kusankhidwa kwa tiyi wobiriwira waku Japan pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa chromatography/mass spectrometry-based hydrophilic metabolite fingerprinting. J Biosci Bioeng. 2011;111(3): 255-260.
Komes D, Horžić D, Belščak-Cvitanović A, et al. Kapangidwe ka phenolic ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi ma antioxidants a zomera zina zamankhwala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachikhalidwe zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi nthawi yochotsa ndi hydrolysis. Phytochem Anal. 2011;22(2): 172-180.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-09-2024
