Nkhani - Ndi Natural Antioxidant - Ginkgo Leaf Extract!

I. Chiyambi

Mawu Oyamba

Kodi ubwino wa ginkgo biloba wothira ufa ndi chiyani (2)

Ginkgo leaf extractndi chinthu chogwira ntchito mwachilengedwe chochokera ku masamba a ginkgo. Zigawo zake zazikulu ndi flavonoids ndi ginkgo lactones. Ndi PAF yeniyeni (yoyambitsa mapulateleti, mapulateleti-activating factor) antagonist receptor. Ntchito zake zamankhwala zimaphatikizapo: kuwongolera kufalikira kwaubongo ndi kagayidwe ka cell; kuonjezera ntchito ya maselo ofiira a m'magazi a superoxide dismutase (SOD) ndi glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), komanso kuchepetsa ma cell membrane peroxidized lipids (MDA). kupanga, scavenge free radicals, kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa cardiomyocytes ndi mitsempha endothelial maselo; mosankha kutsutsa kuphatikizika kwa mapulateleti, micro thrombosis, ndi kusokonezeka kwa lipid metabolism chifukwa cha kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi (PAF); kupititsa patsogolo kufalikira kwa mtima komanso kuteteza ischemic myocardium; Kuonjezera deformability wa maselo ofiira, kuchepetsa kukhuthala kwa magazi, ndi kuthetsa microcirculatory matenda; kuletsa kaphatikizidwe ka thromboxane (TXA2) ndikulimbikitsa kutulutsidwa kwa prostaglandin PGI2 kuchokera ku ma cell endothelial cell.

Gwero la Zomera

Ginkgo biloba ndi tsamba la Ginkgo biloba L., chomera cha banja la Ginkgo. Chotsitsa chake (EGB) chili ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana zachipatala ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzakudya ndi zodzoladzola. Mankhwala a masamba a Ginkgo ndi ovuta kwambiri, omwe ali ndi mankhwala oposa 140 omwe amadzipatula. Flavonoids ndi terpene lactones ndizomwe zimagwira ntchito pamasamba a Ginkgo. Kuphatikiza apo, ilinso ndi polyprenol, organic acid, polysaccharides, amino acid, phenols, ndi trace elements. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosakwanira, mulingo wapadziko lonse lapansi watsamba la ginkgo ndi EGb761 wopangidwa molingana ndi njira yovomerezeka ya Schwabe yaku Germany. Amawoneka ngati ufa wofiirira-wachikasu ndipo ali ndi kafungo kakang'ono ka tsamba la ginkgo. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi 24% flavonoids, 6% terpene lactones, zosakwana 0.0005% ginkgo acid, 7.0% proanthocyanidins, 13.0% carboxylic acid, 2.0% makatekini, 20% non-flavonoid glycosides, ndi 4.0 polymer compounds. %, inorganic matter 5.0%, chinyezi zosungunulira 3.0%, ena 3.0%.

Makhalidwe a Antioxidant ndi Mechanism

Ginkgo tsamba Tingafinye akhoza kuchotsa lipid ufulu ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira, lipid peroxidation ufulu ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira alkane ufulu ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira, etc., ndi kuthetsa ufulu ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira unyolo anachita unyolo. Nthawi yomweyo, imathanso kuwongolera ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a antioxidant michere monga superoxide dismutase ndi glutathione peroxidase. Mphamvu ya antioxidant ya flavonoids mu EGB imaposa mavitamini, ndipo imakhala ndi anti-free radical attack properties in vitro.

Zotsatira za antioxidant za zowonjezera za ginkgo zotengedwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana ndizosiyana, ndipo zotsatira za antioxidant za zopangira zopanda pake ndi zoyengedwa ndizosiyana. Ma Xihan et al. anapeza kuti petroleum ether-ethanol Tingafinye anali wamphamvu antioxidant zotsatira pa rapeseed mafuta poyerekeza Ginkgo masamba akupanga zopezedwa njira zosiyanasiyana kukonzekera. Mphamvu ya antioxidant ya tsamba la Ginkgo yopanda utoto inali yokwera pang'ono kuposa yoyenga. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha zosakhwima The Tingafinye muli zina zosakaniza antioxidant, monga organic zidulo, amino zidulo, tannins, alkaloids, ndi zinthu zina zimene synergistic zotsatira.

Njira Yokonzekera

(1) Organic zosungunulira m'zigawo njira Pakali pano, kwambiri ntchito njira kunyumba ndi kunja ndi organic zosungunulira m'zigawo njira. Popeza zosungunulira zina za organic ndi zapoizoni kapena zosasunthika, Mowa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati m'zigawo. Zoyeserera za Zhang Yonghong ndi ena zidawonetsa kuti mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri yochotsera ma flavonoids kuchokera ku masamba a ginkgo ndi 70% ethanol monga yankho la m'zigawo, kutentha kwa m'zigawo ndi 90 ° C, chiŵerengero cholimba-chamadzimadzi ndi 1:20, chiwerengero cha zowonjezera ndi 3. nthawi, ndipo nthawi iliyonse refluxes kwa maola 1.5.

(2) Kuyesa kwa enzyme Wang Hui et al. adawonetsa kuti zokolola za flavonoids zonse zidawonjezeka kwambiri pambuyo poti zida zamasamba za ginkgo zidapangidwa kale ndi cellulase ndikuchotsedwa, ndipo zokolola zimatha kufika 2.01%.

(3) Akupanga m'zigawo njira Pambuyo akupanga mankhwala a ginkgo masamba, selo nembanemba wakhala wosweka, ndi kayendedwe ka tsamba particles wakhala inapita patsogolo, amene amalimbikitsa kuvunda yogwira zosakaniza. Choncho, akupanga m'zigawo za flavonoids ali kwambiri ubwino. Zotsatira zoyeserera zomwe adapeza Liu Jingzhi et al. kusonyeza kuti ndondomeko zinthu akupanga m'zigawo ndi: akupanga pafupipafupi 40kHz, akupanga mankhwala nthawi 55min, kutentha 35°C, ndi kuima kwa 3h. Panthawiyi, mlingo wochotsa ndi 81.9%.

Kugwiritsa ntchito

Ma flavonoids a masamba a Ginkgo ali ndi antioxidant katundu ndipo amatha kuwonjezeredwa kumafuta ndi makeke ngati antioxidants. Ma flavonoids onse amakhala achikasu ndipo amatha kusungunuka m'madzi, amasungunuka m'madzi ndi mafuta, kotero ma flavonoids onse amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popaka utoto. zotsatira za wothandizira. Ginkgo biloba amasinthidwa kukhala ultrafine ufa ndikuwonjezeredwa ku chakudya. Masamba a Ginkgo amaphwanyidwa kwambiri ndikuwonjezedwa ku makeke, mabisiketi, Zakudyazi, maswiti, ndi ayisikilimu pamlingo wa 5% mpaka 10% kuti asinthe kukhala zakudya zamasamba za ginkgo zokhala ndi thanzi.
Masamba a Ginkgo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha chakudya ku Canada ndipo adavomerezedwa ngati mankhwala ogulitsidwa ku Germany ndi France. Tsamba la Ginkgo limaphatikizidwa ku United States Pharmacopoeia (24th edition) ndipo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chowonjezera chazakudya ku United States.

Zotsatira za Pharmacological

1. Zotsatira pa dongosolo la mtima
(1) Kutulutsa kwa tsamba la Ginkgo kumatha kulepheretsa ntchito ya angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) mu seramu yabwinobwino yamunthu, potero kulepheretsa kutsika kwa arterioles, kukulitsa mitsempha yamagazi, ndikuwonjezera kutuluka kwa magazi.
(2) Kutulutsa kwa tsamba la Ginkgo kungalepheretse kuchepa kwa myocardial mu makoswe aamuna omwe amayamba chifukwa cha jekeseni wa mtsempha wa bupivacaine, kuletsa kugunda kwa mitsempha yamagazi mwa anthu ndi nkhumba zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi hypoxia, ndikuchotsa PAF (platelet-activating factor) yomwe imayambitsa arrhythmia mwa agalu. Ikhoza kulepheretsa kusokonezeka kwa mtima komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa mtima kwa nkhumba zamtundu wina.
(3) Kutulutsa kwa tsamba la Ginkgo kumatha kukulitsa kwambiri mitsempha yaubongo ya amphaka ndi agalu omwe ali ndi vuto, kuonjezera kutuluka kwa magazi muubongo, ndikuchepetsa kukana kwaubongo. Ginkgo tsamba Tingafinye angalepheretse kuwonjezeka mesenteric microvascular m'mimba mwake chifukwa mtsempha wa endotoxin. Mu canine endotoxin model, Ginkgo biloba extract imalepheretsa kusintha kwa hemodynamic; mu chitsanzo cha m'mapapo a nkhosa, chotsitsa cha Ginkgo biloba chimalepheretsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi edema ya m'mapapo chifukwa cha matenda obwera chifukwa cha endotoxin.
(4) Makoswe anali jekeseni intraperitoneally ndi 5ml/kg wa ginkgo tsamba flavonoids tsiku lililonse. Pambuyo pa masiku 40, kuchuluka kwa triglyceride m'magazi kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Ginkgo biloba Tingafinye (20 mg/kg patsiku) ankaperekedwa pakamwa kwa akalulu kulandira yachibadwa ndi hypercholesterolemic zakudya. Patatha mwezi umodzi, milingo ya hyper-esterified cholesterol mu plasma ndi msempha wa akalulu omwe amalandila chakudya cha atherogenic adachepetsedwa kwambiri. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yaulere sikunasinthe.
(5) Ginkgo terpene lactone ndi wapadera kwambiri PAF receptor blocker. Kutulutsa masamba a Ginkgo kapena ginkgo terpene lactone kumatha kuletsa mapulateleti-activating factor (PAF) ndi cyclooxygenase kapena lipoxygenase. Kutulutsa kwa tsamba la Ginkgo kudaloledwa bwino komanso kusagwirizana ndi kuphatikiza kwa mapulateleti chifukwa cha PAF koma sikunakhudze kuphatikizika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ADP.

2. Zomwe zimachitika pakatikati pa mitsempha
(1) Kutulutsa kwa tsamba la Ginkgo kumakhudza dongosolo la endocrine ndi kugwirizana pakati pa chitetezo cha mthupi ndi chapakati cha mitsempha mwa kulepheretsa kuchita kwa PAF. Ikhoza kulimbikitsa kagayidwe ka ubongo ndikuwongolera kukumbukira ntchito.
(2) Ginkgo terpene lactones ali ndi zotsatira zowonongeka, ndipo zotsatira zake zowonongeka zimagwirizana ndi dongosolo lapakati la monoaminergic.
(3) Kuphatikiza pa mfundo yakuti masamba a Ginkgo amatha kusintha kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa kukumbukira kwamtundu wa NaNO2, zotsatira zake zotsutsana ndi hypoxic zikhoza kukhala zokhudzana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa magazi mu ubongo ndi kusintha kwa kagayidwe ka ubongo panthawi ya hypoxia.
(4) Ginkgo tsamba Tingafinye kwambiri bwino ubongo khalidwe matenda a gerbils chifukwa cha ligation ndi recirculation onse carotid mitsempha ndi kupewa ubongo kuwonongeka gerbils chifukwa ischemia ndi kuchulukana; kumawonjezera ntchito ya agalu pambuyo Mipikisano focal ubongo ischemia Kuchira msanga kwa minyewa ndi kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa neuronal kutsatira ischemia mu hippocampus wa gerbil ubongo; amachepetsa kwambiri kutayika kwa ATP, AMP, creatine ndi creatine phosphate mu ubongo wa ischemic wa mongrel galu. Ginkgo biloba lactone B ndiyothandiza pochiza sitiroko.

3. Mmene m'mimba dongosolo
(1) Tsamba la Ginkgo limatha kusintha kwambiri zilonda zam'mimba ndi m'mimba mu mbewa zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi PAF ndi endotoxin, ndipo zimatha kuletsa pang'ono kuwonongeka kwa m'mimba chifukwa cha Mowa.
(2) Mu mbewa zokhala ndi matenda a chiwindi omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bile duct ligation, jekeseni wa ginkgo tsamba la ginkgo amachepetsa kwambiri kuthamanga kwa chiwindi, mtima wamtima, kutuluka kwa magazi a nthambi za mtsempha wa portal, komanso kusinthasintha kwa mitsempha yamagazi poyerekeza ndi placebo. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti tsamba la ginkgo limatha kuchiza matenda a chiwindi. Itha kulepheretsa mapangidwe a ma radicals opanda okosijeni mu mbewa pachimake kapamba chifukwa cha cholecystokinin. Ginkgo terpene lactone B ikhoza kukhala ndi gawo pochiza kapamba.

4. Mmene kupuma dongosolo
(1) The ethanol Tingafinye wa Ginkgo biloba ali ndi ulesi mwachindunji zotsatira pa tracheal yosalala minofu ndipo akhoza kuthetsa spasmodic zotsatira za histamine mankwala ndi acetylcholine pa akutali trachea wa Guinea nkhumba, ndi kupewa histamine-induced mphumu mu Guinea nkhumba.
(2) jakisoni wa mtsempha wa Ginkgo tsamba la masamba amatha kulepheretsa bronchoconstriction ndi hyperresponsiveness ya mbewa zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi PAF ndi ovalbumin, komanso kupewa bronchoconstriction yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi ma antigen, koma sichimakhudza hyperresponsiveness ya bronchial chifukwa cha indomethacin.
(3) Kukoka mpweya wa Ginkgo tsamba la aerosolized sikumangolepheretsa bronchoconstriction komanso kumalepheretsa kuchepa kwa maselo oyera a magazi ndi eosinophils omwe amayamba chifukwa cha PAF. Kutulutsa kwa tsamba la Ginkgo ndikofunikira kwambiri poletsa komanso kuchiza matenda a bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

5. Anti-kukalamba zotsatira
Ginkgobiflavonoids, isoginkgobiflavonoids, ginkgo biloba, ndi quercetin mu ginkgo masamba onse amalepheretsa lipid peroxidation, makamaka popeza quercetin imakhala ndi ntchito yoletsa kwambiri. Kuyesera kunachitika pa makoswe ndipo kunapezeka kuti ginkgo masamba otulutsidwa ndi madzi okwana flavonoids (0.95mg/ml) amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri lipid peroxidation, ndipo ma flavonoids otulutsidwa ndi asidi (1.9mg/ml) amatha kuonjezera seramu yamkuwa ndi zinc SOD. ntchito ndi kuchepetsa Zotsatira za kukhuthala kwa magazi ndikuchepetsa ntchito ya SGPT.

7. Udindo mu kukanidwa kumuika ndi zina zochita chitetezo cha m'thupi
Kutulutsa kwa tsamba la Ginkgo kumatha kutalikitsa nthawi yopulumuka ya ma grafts akhungu, heterotopic heart xenografts, ndi orthotopic chiwindi xenografts. Kutulutsa kwa tsamba la Ginkgo kumatha kulepheretsa maselo achilengedwe akupha thupi motsutsana ndi ma cell chandamale a KC526, komanso kuletsa ntchito ya cell yakupha yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi interferon.

8. Anti-chotupa zotsatira
Masamba obiriwira a Ginkgo biloba, omwe amasungunuka ndi mafuta, amatha kulepheretsa kachilombo ka Epstein-Barr. Heptadecene salicylic acid ndi bilo-betin ali ndi ntchito yolepheretsa; okwana flavonoids Ginkgo akhoza kuonjezera thymus kulemera kwa chotupa chonyamula mbewa. ndi kuchuluka kwa zochitika za SOD, kulimbikitsa mphamvu yathupi yolimbana ndi chotupa; quercetin ndi myricetin amatha kuletsa kupezeka kwa carcinogens.

Ndemanga ndi Contraindications

Zoyipa za Ginkgo tsamba Tingafinye: Nthawi zina m`mimba kusapeza bwino, monga anorexia, nseru, kudzimbidwa, lotayirira chimbudzi, m`mimba distension, etc.; pangakhalenso kugunda kwa mtima, kutopa, ndi zina zotero, koma izi sizimakhudza chithandizo. Pambuyo pa makonzedwe amlomo kwa nthawi yayitali, zizindikiro zoyenera za rheology ya magazi ziyenera kuwunikiridwa nthawi zonse. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za m'mimba, mukhoza kumwa mutatha kudya m'malo mwake.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala

Izi zimakhala ndi synergistic kwenikweni zikagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala ena ochepetsa kukhuthala kwa magazi, monga sodium alginate diester, acetate, ndi zina zotere, zomwe zimatha kusintha magwiridwe antchito.

Chitukuko Trend

Masamba a Ginkgo ali ndi ma proanthocyanidins ochepa ndi urushiolic acid, omwe adakali poizoni m'thupi la munthu. Pamene ginkgo masamba monga zopangira pokonza chakudya, chithandizo chapadera chofunika kuchepetsa zili proanthocyanidins ndi urushiolic zidulo. Komabe, mkati mwa mlingo womwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito pano, palibe chiwopsezo chowopsa kapena chosatha komanso palibe zotsatira za teratogenic. Unduna wa Zaumoyo udavomereza kuti Ginkgo biloba atulutse ngati chowonjezera chatsopano mu 1992. M'zaka zaposachedwa, Ginkgo biloba okwana flavonoids akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani azakudya, ndipo kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha Ginkgo biloba ali ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu.